9 ^{Manufacturing of}

seasonal and pandemic

influenza vaccines–A

case study

Cristina A. T. Silva

Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique

Montréal, Montréal, Canada/Department of Bioengineering,

McGill University, Montréal, Canada

Shantoshini Dash and Amine Kamen

Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group,

Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal,

Canada

CONTENTS

9.1 Introduction...................................................................................................225

9.2 The Influenza Virus......................................................................................226

9.3 The Annual Cycle for Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing...........................227

9.4 Influenza Vaccines .......................................................................................228

9.4.1 Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV) ................................................229

9.4.2 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines (LAIVs).................................230

9.4.3 Recombinant Vaccines.....................................................................231

9.4.4 Emerging Technologies for Influenza Vaccine Production ............231

9.5 Influenza Virus Quantification.....................................................................231

9.6 Downstream Processing of Influenza Vaccines ..........................................233

9.7 Conclusion....................................................................................................233

References..............................................................................................................234

9.1

INTRODUCTION

The influenza disease is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza

virus, usually characterized by mild symptoms, such as cough, fever, sore throat, and

muscle pain, sometimes evolving to more severe and even lethal pneumonia [1].

Influenza outbreaks are believed to have occured since at least the Middle Ages,

possibly before that, affecting humanity as a whole in the form of localized outbreaks,

DOI: 10.1201/9781003229797-9

225